implement `xargs -P` using `rayon` and a spin lock by asakatida · Pull Request #653 · uutils/findutils

asakatida · 2026-04-08T09:30:20Z

if this is accepted then I could do #112 in a similar way

asakatida · 2026-04-08T09:34:53Z

+        batches
+            .par_bridge()
+            .map(|batch| batch?.execute_parallel(capacity).map_err(XargsError::from))
+            .collect()


this is meat of the change, the other option here to avoid would be to build the thread pool directly which would avoid needing a lock but I feel the impl Iterator is a cleaner abstraction and is in line with rayon advice

asakatida · 2026-04-08T09:42:19Z

if more tests are desired then I have a branch ready to push

codecov · 2026-04-08T09:43:12Z

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.56198% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 91.77%. Comparing base (165b2fa) to head (aa1ec44).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/xargs/mod.rs	92.56%	5 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #653   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   91.76%   91.77%           
=======================================
  Files          31       31           
  Lines        6203     6283   +80     
  Branches      328      329    +1     
=======================================
+ Hits         5692     5766   +74     
- Misses        390      394    +4     
- Partials      121      123    +2

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.

sylvestre · 2026-04-13T08:34:53Z

Did you run some benchmark on it?

asakatida · 2026-04-13T23:57:51Z

here's a few ad-hoc rough numbers

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   32.22 secs    fish           external
   usr time  186.48 secs   69.00 micros  186.48 secs
   sys time    0.38 secs  342.00 micros    0.37 secs

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    8.02 secs    fish           external
   usr time   24.01 secs   55.00 micros   24.01 secs
   sys time    0.06 secs  303.00 micros    0.06 secs

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    8.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time   12.39 millis   65.00 micros   12.32 millis
   sys time   26.17 millis  313.00 micros   25.85 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   32.02 secs    fish           external
   usr time   31.97 secs   52.00 micros   31.97 secs
   sys time    0.06 secs  289.00 micros    0.06 secs

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    4.72 millis  101.00 micros    4.62 millis
   sys time    9.61 millis  427.00 micros    9.18 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    5.09 millis   68.00 micros    5.03 millis
   sys time    8.87 millis  282.00 micros    8.59 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   64.02 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.42 millis  107.00 micros    3.31 millis
   sys time    7.28 millis  398.00 micros    6.88 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P8 sleep
 
________________________________________________________
Executed in   64.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.03 millis   61.00 micros    2.97 millis
   sys time    6.12 millis  306.00 micros    5.81 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   64.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.17 millis   53.00 micros    3.11 millis
   sys time    5.61 millis  334.00 micros    5.28 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    8.02 secs    fish           external
   usr time    8.01 secs   54.00 micros    8.01 secs
   sys time    0.02 secs  287.00 micros    0.02 secs

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.04 secs      fish           external
   usr time    7.97 millis   92.00 micros    7.88 millis
   sys time   12.45 millis  474.00 micros   11.98 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.04 secs      fish           external
   usr time    7.93 millis   91.00 micros    7.84 millis
   sys time   12.31 millis  466.00 micros   11.84 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    2.89 millis   53.00 micros    2.84 millis
   sys time    6.38 millis  309.00 micros    6.07 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.03 millis   64.00 micros    2.96 millis
   sys time    5.32 millis  314.00 micros    5.00 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.02 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.03 millis   55.00 micros    2.98 millis
   sys time    7.19 millis  306.00 micros    6.88 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    2.92 millis   56.00 micros    2.86 millis
   sys time    6.46 millis  320.00 micros    6.14 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    2.95 millis   64.00 micros    2.88 millis
   sys time    5.85 millis  320.00 micros    5.53 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in   16.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    2.98 millis   53.00 micros    2.93 millis
   sys time    5.53 millis  286.00 micros    5.25 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.02 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.22 millis   51.00 micros    3.17 millis
   sys time    7.91 millis  318.00 micros    7.59 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.12 millis   59.00 micros    3.06 millis
   sys time    6.27 millis  335.00 micros    5.93 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n2 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.02 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.21 millis   53.00 micros    3.16 millis
   sys time    6.66 millis  313.00 micros    6.34 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.04 millis   62.00 micros    2.98 millis
   sys time    6.49 millis  324.00 micros    6.17 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.11 millis   58.00 micros    3.05 millis
   sys time    4.80 millis  296.00 micros    4.51 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n8 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.08 millis   56.00 micros    3.03 millis
   sys time    6.12 millis  308.00 micros    5.81 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P2 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.04 millis   49.00 micros    2.99 millis
   sys time    6.34 millis  330.00 micros    6.01 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P8 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.00 millis   63.00 micros    2.94 millis
   sys time    6.41 millis  319.00 micros    6.09 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time echo 2 2 | target/release/xargs -n32 -P32 sleep

________________________________________________________
Executed in    4.01 secs      fish           external
   usr time    3.25 millis   56.00 micros    3.19 millis
   sys time    6.60 millis  342.00 micros    6.26 millis

asakatida · 2026-04-14T00:02:14Z

a few more that probably have more cpu contention

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time target/release/find ../jj-vcs-jj/ -name Cargo.toml -print0 | target/release/xargs -0 -n1 -P3 cargo build --manifest-path 2>/dev/null

________________________________________________________
Executed in    1.28 secs    fish           external
   usr time    1.85 secs    0.23 millis    1.85 secs
   sys time    0.69 secs    1.12 millis    0.69 secs

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time find ../jj-vcs-jj/ -name Cargo.toml -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P3 cargo build --manifest-path 2>/dev/null

________________________________________________________
Executed in    2.71 secs      fish           external
   usr time  952.11 millis   12.30 millis  939.81 millis
   sys time  757.92 millis    4.01 millis  753.91 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time target/release/find ../jj-vcs-jj/ -name Cargo.toml -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P3 cargo build --manifest-path 2>/dev/null

________________________________________________________
Executed in    1.20 secs      fish           external
   usr time  744.81 millis    0.18 millis  744.63 millis
   sys time  469.26 millis    1.31 millis  467.95 millis

/Users/asakatida/repo/workspace/uutils-findutils
> time find ../jj-vcs-jj/ -name Cargo.toml -print0 | target/release/xargs -0 -n1 -P3 cargo build --manifest-path 2>/dev/null

________________________________________________________
Executed in  856.59 millis    fish           external
   usr time    1.56 secs      0.23 millis    1.56 secs
   sys time    0.48 secs      1.36 millis    0.48 secs

sylvestre · 2026-06-04T19:30:34Z

@asakatida
please run the benchmark with hyperfine, time is too limited :)
thanks

sylvestre · 2026-06-04T20:20:04Z


  Scenario 1 — sequential default (-n1 true)

  Benchmark 1: target/release/xargs.main -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):      1.907 s ±  0.120 s    [User: 0.494 s, System: 1.429 s]
    Range (min … max):    1.679 s …  2.085 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 2: target/release/xargs.pr -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):      1.782 s ±  0.073 s    [User: 0.487 s, System: 1.310 s]
    Range (min … max):    1.676 s …  1.877 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 3: /usr/bin/xargs -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):      1.620 s ±  0.129 s    [User: 0.447 s, System: 1.178 s]
    Range (min … max):    1.490 s …  1.840 s    10 runs

  Summary
    /usr/bin/xargs -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt ran
      1.10 ± 0.10 times faster than target/release/xargs.pr -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
      1.18 ± 0.12 times faster than target/release/xargs.main -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt

  Scenario 2 — parallel -P8 -n1 true

  Benchmark 1: target/release/xargs.main -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):      2.046 s ±  0.107 s    [User: 0.509 s, System: 1.518 s]
    Range (min … max):    1.896 s …  2.178 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 2: target/release/xargs.pr -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):     532.7 ms ±  71.0 ms    [User: 4003.5 ms, System: 1575.7 ms]
    Range (min … max):   464.0 ms … 672.8 ms    10 runs

  Benchmark 3: /usr/bin/xargs -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):     314.8 ms ±  29.0 ms    [User: 433.3 ms, System: 1008.6 ms]
    Range (min … max):   286.3 ms … 374.1 ms    10 runs

  Summary
    /usr/bin/xargs -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt ran
      1.69 ± 0.27 times faster than target/release/xargs.pr -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
      6.50 ± 0.69 times faster than target/release/xargs.main -P8 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt

  Scenario 3 — parallel -P2 -n1 true (spin-lock worst case)

  Benchmark 1: target/release/xargs.pr -P2 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):      2.254 s ±  0.211 s    [User: 29.493 s, System: 1.750 s]
    Range (min … max):    1.941 s …  2.666 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 2: /usr/bin/xargs -P2 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt
    Time (mean ± σ):     904.2 ms ±  39.7 ms    [User: 404.5 ms, System: 1371.9 ms]
    Range (min … max):   851.4 ms … 970.7 ms    10 runs

  Summary
    /usr/bin/xargs -P2 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt ran
      2.49 ± 0.26 times faster than target/release/xargs.pr -P2 -n1 true < /tmp/xargs_input.txt

sylvestre · 2026-06-04T20:20:51Z

btw:


echo x | ./target/release/xargs -P0 echo


thread 'main' (216351) panicked at src/xargs/mod.rs:1255:22:
max-procs must be non-zero
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

asakatida commented Apr 8, 2026

View reviewed changes

asakatida force-pushed the push-zlxwkxlkpsls branch from 61aae5c to e175c3c Compare April 8, 2026 09:40

implement xargs -P using rayon and a spin lock

aa1ec44

asakatida force-pushed the push-zlxwkxlkpsls branch from e175c3c to aa1ec44 Compare April 13, 2026 06:24

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

implement `xargs -P` using `rayon` and a spin lock#653

implement `xargs -P` using `rayon` and a spin lock#653
asakatida wants to merge 1 commit into
uutils:mainfrom
asakatida:push-zlxwkxlkpsls

asakatida commented Apr 8, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida Apr 8, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 8, 2026

Uh oh!

codecov Bot commented Apr 8, 2026 •

edited

Loading

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Apr 13, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 13, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 14, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

2 participants

Conversation

asakatida commented Apr 8, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida Apr 8, 2026

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 8, 2026

Uh oh!

codecov Bot commented Apr 8, 2026 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

Uh oh!

Codecov Report

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Apr 13, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 13, 2026

Uh oh!

asakatida commented Apr 14, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

sylvestre commented Jun 4, 2026

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

2 participants

codecov Bot commented Apr 8, 2026 •

edited

Loading